Fill in the Blanks (30 Blanks)

Electric current I = _____ = neAvd. [Q/t]
The SI unit of electric current is _____. [ampere]
Drift velocity vd = _____ m = _____. [eEτ/; I/(neA)]
The relaxation time τ has SI unit _____. [second (s)]
Current density J = I/A = nevd = _____. [σE]
Ohm's law: V = _____. [IR]
Resistance R = _____/A (in terms of resistivity). [ρl]
Resistivity ρ = _____ × l (in terms of R). [RA/]
Conductivity σ = 1/_____. [ρ]
The dimensional formula of resistance is _____. [[ $ML^{2}$$T^{-3}$$A^{-2}$ ]]
For a metallic conductor, R = $R_{0}$ (1 + _____). [α $\Delta T$ ]
For metals, temperature coefficient α is _____ (positive/negative). [positive]
For semiconductors, α is _____, meaning R _____ with temperature. [negative; decreases]
Power P = VI = R = $V^{2}$ /. [ $I^{2}$ ; R]
The condition for maximum power transfer from cell to external load is R = _____. [r]
At maximum power transfer, P_max = _____. [ε^{2}/(4r)]
Kirchhoff's junction rule: Σ_____ = 0 at any node. [I]
Kirchhoff's loop rule is based on conservation of _____. [energy]
Traversing a resistor against current direction in KVL gives _____. [+IR]
Wheatstone bridge balance condition: P/Q = _____. [R/S]
At balance in a Wheatstone bridge, galvanometer current I_G = _____. [0]
Metre bridge formula: R/S = _____, where l is balance length in cm. [l/(100−l)]
If balance length is l, interchanging R and S gives new balance length _____. [100−l]
Potentiometer: ε_{1}/ε_{2} = ___. [l{1}/l{2}]
Potentiometer measures _____ EMF (true/terminal). [true]
Internal resistance by potentiometer: r = R(_____)/l_{2}. [l_{1}−l_{2}]
When a cell is short-circuited, its terminal voltage = _____. [0]
During charging, terminal voltage V = _____. [ε + Ir]
The heat produced by current in Joule's law is H = _____. [ $I^{2}$ Rt]
Alloys like manganin have very _____ temperature coefficient, making them suitable for standard resistors. [small]