Topic: Cloze Exercises for All Key Facts

Fill in the blanks (answers follow):

1. Human insulin A chain = _____ amino acids; B chain = _____ amino acids.
2. Recombinant insulin was commercially produced by _____ in the year _____ using _____ as host.
3. The C peptide in proinsulin is a _____ peptide that is _____ during maturation.
4. Gene therapy for ADA deficiency uses _____ vector to deliver ADA gene into patient _____.
5. The first gene therapy was for _____ deficiency, a form of _____ disease.
6. The permanent cure for ADA deficiency is _____, while _____ is an interim enzyme replacement.
7. Bt cotton carries genes _____ and _____; these target _____ pest of cotton.
8. Bt corn carries gene _____, which targets _____, a _____ order insect.
9. Inside Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt toxin exists as _____ _____ _____.
10. Bt toxin is activated by _____ pH (approximately _____) in the insect _____.
11. Activated Bt toxin binds to _____ receptors, creates _____ in cell membrane, causing cell _____.
12. RNAi uses _____ RNA to silence genes via _____ pathway.
13. DICER cleaves dsRNA into _____ fragments called _____.
14. RISC complex uses _____ strand of siRNA to find and cleave _____.
15. In tobacco plants, RNAi protects against the nematode _____ _____.
16. Golden Rice produces _____ in rice _____ to address _____ deficiency.
17. Flavr Savr tomato was the first _____ food approved in the year _____.
18. Rosie the transgenic _____ produced _____ in her milk.
19. Transgenic sheep produce _____ for treating _____.
20. GEAC stands for _____ _____ _____ _____ and regulates _____ in India.
21. Biopiracy involving neem was challenged at _____ (organization); the patent was _____.
22. Turmeric wound-healing patent was held by _____ and was revoked based on evidence from _____ texts.
23. Basmati rice patent was held by _____ (company) from _____ (country); claims were _____.
24. The three molecular diagnostic techniques are _____, _____, and _____.
25. ELISA detects HIV during _____ period; PCR detects HIV during _____ period.

Answers:

1. 21; 30
2. Eli Lilly; 1983; E. coli
3. connecting; removed (cleaved)
4. retroviral; lymphocytes
5. ADA (adenosine deaminase); SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency)
6. bone marrow transplant; PEG-ADA
7. cry1Ac; cry2Ab; cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera, lepidopteran)
8. cry1Ab; European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis); Lepidoptera
9. inactive crystalline protoxin
10. alkaline; ~pH 10; midgut
11. midgut epithelial cell; pores; lysis
12. double-stranded (ds); RNAi (DICER-RISC)
13. 21-23 nt; siRNA
14. guide (antisense); target mRNA
15. Meloidogyne incognita
16. beta-carotene; endosperm; vitamin A
17. commercially grown GM; 1994
18. cow; human alpha-lactalbumin
19. alpha-1-antitrypsin; emphysema
20. Genetic Engineering Approval Committee; GMO field trials and commercial release
21. European Patent Office (EPO); revoked
22. University of Mississippi Medical Center; ancient Sanskrit (Ayurvedic)
23. RiceTec; USA; narrowed (partial revocation)
24. PCR; ELISA; Autoradiography
25. post-antibody (after window period); window period (pre-antibody)