Complete the following sentences:

1. The most ecologically relevant abiotic factor is _______ because it affects _______ in all organisms. (Temperature; enzyme kinetics and metabolic rates)

2. The logistic growth equation is _______ and maximum growth rate occurs at N = _______. (dN/dt = rN(K-N)/K; K/2)

3. The interaction between Penicillium and Staphylococcus is _______ with notation _______. (Amensalism; -/0)

4. The pioneer species in xerosere (primary succession on bare rock) is _______. (Crustose lichens)

5. NPP = _______ minus _______. (GPP; Respiration)

6. Lindeman's 10% law states that only _______ % of energy transfers between trophic levels; the remaining _______ % is lost as _______. (10; 90; heat)

7. The phosphorus cycle is a _______ cycle with no _______ phase, unlike carbon and nitrogen. (sedimentary; gaseous/atmospheric)

8. The five steps of decomposition in order: _______, _______, _______, _______, _______. (Fragmentation, Leaching, Catabolism, Humification, Mineralization)

9. In Batesian mimicry, a _______ species mimics an _______ species. In Mullerian mimicry, _______ species resemble each other. (palatable/harmless; unpalatable/toxic; multiple unpalatable)

10. The ocean holds approximately _______% of Earth's $CO_{2}$ as dissolved _______ and _______. (71; $CO_{2}$; bicarbonate/$HCO_{3}^{-}$)

11. Secondary succession is faster than primary because _______ and _______ are already present. (soil; seed bank)

12. Diapause is _______ arrest in _______ and _______ under unfavourable conditions. (developmental; zooplankton; insects)

13. Gause's competitive exclusion principle states that two species competing for the _______ cannot _______ indefinitely. (same niche; coexist)

14. In the mark-recapture method, population N = ___. *((n{1} × n{2})/m; where n{1} = marked released, n{2} = second sample, m = marked in second sample)*

15. The three types of dormancy are: _______ (winter), _______ (summer), _______ (developmental arrest). (hibernation; aestivation; diapause)