Fill in the Blanks
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The _____ is called the master coordinator of the endocrine system because it produces _____ and _____ hormones controlling the anterior pituitary.
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The anterior pituitary produces six hormones remembered by the mnemonic _____: FSH, LH, _____, TSH, _____, GH.
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ADH and oxytocin are synthesised in the _____ and stored in the _____.
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The adrenal cortex has three zones from outside to inside: _____, _____, and _____. Their products are _____, _____, and _____ respectively.
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T3 contains _____ iodine atoms; T4 contains _____ iodine atoms. The more biologically active form is _____.
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Blood calcium is raised by _____ (from _____) and lowered by _____ (from thyroid _____).
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Excess GH in childhood causes _____; excess GH in an adult causes _____ because epiphyseal growth plates are _____.
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Hypothyroidism in childhood causes _____; hypothyroidism in adults causes _____.
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The principal glucocorticoid is _____; the principal mineralocorticoid is _____. Both are produced by the _____ _____.
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Type 1 diabetes results from _____ destruction of _____ cells; Type 2 results from _____ in target cells.
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The pancreatic _____ cells produce somatostatin, which _____ both insulin and glucagon.
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Melatonin is produced by the _____ gland and regulates _____.
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Prolactin is primarily inhibited by _____ (also called _____) from the _____.
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During the fight-or-flight response, _____ and _____ are released from the _____ medulla.
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Positive feedback is seen during labour with _____, and also during the mid-cycle _____ surge triggered by high _____.
Answer Key
- Hypothalamus; releasing; inhibiting
- FLAT PG; ACTH; Prolactin
- Hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
- Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis; aldosterone, cortisol, androgens
- 3; 4; T3
- PTH; parathyroid glands; calcitonin; C-cells
- Gigantism; acromegaly; fused
- Cretinism; myxoedema
- Cortisol; aldosterone; adrenal cortex
- Autoimmune; beta; insulin resistance
- Delta (δ); inhibits
- Pineal; circadian rhythm (sleep-wake cycle)
- Dopamine; PIF (prolactin-inhibiting factor); hypothalamus
- Adrenaline (epinephrine); noradrenaline (norepinephrine); adrenal
- Oxytocin; LH; oestrogen