Section A: Species-Area Relationship

1. The species-area relationship equation is: log S = log _____ + _____ log A
2. The variable Z in the species-area equation represents the _____ of the log-log curve
3. For continental regions, Z ranges from _____ to _____
4. For oceanic islands, Z ranges from _____ to _____
5. The species-area relationship was first described by _____

Answers: C; Z | slope | 0.1; 0.2 | 0.6; 1.2 | Alexander von Humboldt

Section B: Biodiversity Hotspots

6. A biodiversity hotspot must have at least _____ endemic vascular plant species
7. A hotspot must have lost at least _____% of its original habitat
8. India's four hotspots are: W_____, I_____, S_____, H_____
9. India's contribution to the Sundaland hotspot is the _____ Islands
10. The concept of biodiversity hotspots was proposed by _____

Answers: 1,500 | 70 | Western Ghats, Indo-Burma, Sundaland, Himalayas | Nicobar | Norman Myers

Section C: Conservation

11. Conservation of species in their natural habitat is called _____ conservation
12. Conservation outside natural habitat is called _____ conservation
13. Sacred groves represent _____ (in-situ/ex-situ) conservation
14. Cryopreservation is performed at _____ °C
15. India has _____ biosphere reserves, _____ national parks, and approximately _____ wildlife sanctuaries

Answers: in-situ | ex-situ | in-situ | −196 | 18; 106; 566

Section D: HIPPO and Threats

16. HIPPO stands for: H_____, I_____, P_____, P_____, O_____
17. Tropical forests have been reduced from _____% to _____% of Earth's surface
18. The Nile perch in Lake _____ drove _____ cichlid fish species to extinction
19. Co-extinction refers to _____ species going extinct when their _____ species goes extinct
20. Steller's sea cow and the passenger pigeon are examples of extinction by _____

Answers: Habitat loss; Invasive species; Population/overexploitation; Pollution; cO-extinction | 14%; 6% | Victoria; endemic | dependent; host | overexploitation

Section E: Laws and People

21. The CBD was signed in _____, Brazil, in year _____
22. E.O. Wilson coined the term _____ for innate human affiliation with nature
23. Global ecosystem services are valued at approximately $_____ trillion/year (Costanza 1997)
24. The IUCN Red List category "EW" means _____ in the _____
25. The Ramsar Convention (1971) focuses on conservation of _____

Answers: Rio de Janeiro; 1992 | biophilia | 33 | Extinct; Wild | wetlands