Part of CALC-07 — Differential Equations

Exact Differentials — Pattern Recognition

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Rather than using the formal condition dM/dy = dNdx\frac{dN}{dx}, JEE problems are best solved by recognizing standard exact differential patterns. The key patterns: (1) x dy + y dx = d(xy) — appears whenever you see terms like xdy + ydx grouped together. (2) x dy - y dx = x2x^2*dyx\frac{y}{x} — divide both sides by x2x^2 to get dyx\frac{y}{x}. Equivalently = -y2y^2*dxy\frac{x}{y}. (3) xdyydx(x2+y2)\frac{x dy - y dx}{(x^2 + y^2)} = d(arctanyx\frac{y}{x}) — appears in polar-related DEs. (4) xdx+ydy(x2+y2)\frac{x dx + y dy}{(x^2 + y^2)} = d(ln(sqrt(x^{2+y}^2)))/1 — related to distance from origin. (5) exe^x(f + f') dx = d(exe^x*f(x)) — very common pattern in JEE. Recognizing these patterns can turn a seemingly complex DE into a one-step solution.

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