| 1. Mitochondrial ribosomes | Mitochondria are in eukaryotes → must have 80S ribosomes | Mitochondria (and chloroplasts) have 70S ribosomes (prokaryotic type) |
| 2. Middle lamella composition | Middle lamella = cellulose | Middle lamella = calcium pectate (NOT cellulose) |
| 3. Lysosome origin | Lysosomes come from the ER | Lysosomes are formed by the Golgi apparatus |
| 4. Endomembrane system | Mitochondria are part of the endomembrane system | Mitochondria are NOT part of endomembrane system (semi-autonomous) |
| 5. Prokaryotic flagella | Prokaryotic flagella have 9+2 arrangement | Prokaryotic flagella are made of flagellin, NO 9+2 |
| 6. Golgi faces | Trans face receives from ER | Cis (forming) face receives from ER; Trans (maturing) face releases vesicles |
| 7. Plastids in animal cells | Animals have chloroplasts for energy | Animal cells have NO plastids of any kind |
| 8. Centrioles in plant cells | All eukaryotes have centrioles | Most higher plant cells LACK centrioles |
| 9. Svedberg units | 70S = 50+30 (additive) | S units are NOT additive (shape + density dependent) |
| 10. Prokaryote cell division | Bacteria undergo mitosis | Bacteria divide by binary fission (no spindle, no centrioles) |
| 11. Fluid Mosaic Model year | 1938 or 1953 confused with DNA | Fluid Mosaic Model = Singer & Nicolson = 1972 |
| 12. Cell wall of plants | "Cell wall = cellulose" is the complete story | Three layers: middle lamella (Ca pectate) + primary (cellulose) + secondary (lignin, if present) |
| 13. "Suicide bags" | Peroxisomes are suicide bags | Lysosomes are suicide bags; peroxisomes break down H2O2 |
| 14. Chromatin vs chromosome | Chromatin = chromosome | Chromatin (diffuse, interphase) condenses into chromosomes meiosismitosis |
| 15. rRNA synthesis | rRNA is made in the cytoplasm | rRNA is synthesized in the nucleolus (within the nucleus) |