Phenol vs Alcohol: (1) FeCl3 test — phenol gives violet/blue/green colour; alcohols do not. (2) Br2/H2O — phenol gives white ppt (2,4,6-tribromophenol); alcohols don't react. (3) NaOH — phenol dissolves; alcohols don't. (4) Litmus — phenol is weakly acidic (turns blue litmus very faintly). 1°/2°/3° alcohol distinction: Lucas test $\frac{ZnCl2}{HCl}$, Victor Meyer test, oxidation (CrO3). Methanol vs Ethanol: Iodoform test — ethanol gives yellow ppt (CHI3) with I2/NaOH; methanol does not. Ether detection: Zeisel's method (HI + AgNO3 for -OCH3). Unsaturation in allyl alcohol: Br2/CCl4 decolourisation.