Part of JES-01 — Electrostatics: Coulomb's Law, Field & Gauss's Law

Dipole in Non-Uniform Field

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In a non-uniform field, a dipole experiences both torque AND a net translational force. The net force is: F = (p . nabla)E, or in 1D: F = p*dEdx\frac{dE}{dx}. The dipole tends to move toward the region of stronger field (if aligned with field) or weaker field (if anti-aligned). This explains why neutral objects (which have induced dipole moments) are attracted to charged objects — the induced dipole always aligns with the field and moves toward the stronger region. Example: a piece of paper attracted to a charged comb. In JEE, problems may ask for the force on a dipole placed near a point charge — the field is non-uniform (varies as 1/r2r^2), so the dipole experiences a net force.

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