```mermaid
flowchart TD
A["$ArNH_{2}$ (Aromatic 1° Amine)"] -->|"$NaNO_{2}$ + 2HCl, 0–5 °C"| B["$ArN_{2}^{+}$$Cl^{-}$ (Diazonium Salt)"]
B -->|"CuCl / HCl (Sandmeyer)"| C["ArCl"]
B -->|"CuBr / HBr (Sandmeyer)"| D["ArBr"]
B -->|"CuCN / KCN (Sandmeyer)"| E["ArCN"]
B -->|"Cu powder / HCl (Gattermann)"| F["ArCl (via Cu°)"]
B -->|"$HBF_{4}$ then heat (Schiemann)"| G["ArF + $BF_{3}$ + $N_{2}$"]
B -->|"$H_{3}PO_{2}$ (Hypophosphorous acid)"| H["ArH (Deamination)"]
B -->|"$ArN_{2}^{+}$ + $C_{6}H_{5}OH$, alkaline"| I["p-Hydroxyazobenzene (orange-red azo dye)"]
B -->|"$ArN_{2}^{+}$ + $C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}$, weakly acidic"| J["p-Aminoazobenzene (yellow azo dye)"]
```
**Why this matters:** Diazonium salts are the central intermediate for introducing halogens (Cl, Br, F, I), CN, OH, and azo groups onto aromatic rings — reactions not achievable by direct electrophilic substitution. NEET regularly tests product identification from a given diazonium salt + reagent combination.$
Part of OC-08 — Amines & Diazonium Salts
Diazonium Salt Reaction Pathway
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