Diagram Note — Nephron Anatomy with Labels — Notes | NoteTube

Nephron transport diagram

Structure	Location	Key Function
Bowman's capsule	Cortex	Encapsulates glomerulus; receives filtrate (ultrafiltration)
Glomerulus	Cortex (within Bowman's capsule)	High-pressure capillary tuft; site of blood ultrafiltration
PCT	Cortex	Bulk reabsorption (65–70%): glucose, AA, Na+, water (obligatory)
Descending Limb	Medulla (entering)	Water exits by osmosis (water-permeable, solute-impermeable)
Loop Tip	Inner medulla	Tubular fluid most concentrated (~1200 mOsm/L in JM nephrons)
Ascending Limb	Medulla (leaving)	NaCl actively pumped out; water-impermeable; fluid dilutes
DCT	Cortex	Facultative reabsorption: Na+ (aldosterone), water (ADH), Ca2+ (PTH)
Collecting Duct	Cortex → medulla	Final water reabsorption under ADH; urea recycling
Vasa Recta	Medulla (parallel to loop)	Counter-current exchanger; preserves medullary osmotic gradient
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus	Where DCT meets afferent arteriole	Renin release; blood pressure and NaCl sensing

Juxtamedullary nephrons: glomerulus near cortex-medulla junction; long loop extends into inner medulla.
Cortical nephrons: glomerulus in outer cortex; short loop, barely enters medulla.
The collecting ducts from multiple nephrons merge → papillary ducts → renal papilla → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter.