Connection Map

Planck's Hypothesis (E = hν)
        ↓ extends to
Einstein's Photoelectric Effect (photons)
        ↓ + Rutherford's nuclear model
Bohr's Atomic Model (quantized orbits)
        ↓ inconsistency with
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
        ↓ inspires
Quantum Mechanical Model (orbitals)
        ↓ described by
Four Quantum Numbers (n, l, mₗ, mₛ)
        ↓ govern
Aufbau + Pauli + Hund's Rules
        ↓ predict
Electronic Configurations (Cr, Cu anomalies)
        ↓ determine
Chemical Properties + Periodic Table Structure

Key Cross-Links

1. de Broglie ↔ Bohr: nλ = 2πr_n links wave theory to Bohr orbits
2. Heisenberg ↔ Orbitals: Uncertainty principle → no exact orbits → probability orbitals
3. Quantum numbers ↔ Pauli ↔ Capacity: n,l,mₗ,mₛ uniqueness → 2 per orbital → 2$n^{2}$ per shell
4. Bohr energy ↔ Rydberg: E_n = −13.6/$n^{2}$ → $\Delta E$ → 1/λ = R_H(1/n_{1}^{2} − 1/n_{2}^{2})
5. Hund's rule ↔ Magnetic properties: Unpaired electrons → paramagnetism → measured experimentally