| Law | Variables | Constant | Formula | Graph | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boyle's | P and V | T, n | PV = k or = | P vs V: hyperbola; PV vs P: horizontal line | Doubling P → halves V |
| Charles's | V and T | P, n | V/T = k or / = / | V vs T(K): straight line through origin | Doubling T → doubles V |
| Gay-Lussac's | P and T | V, n | P/T = k or / = / | P vs T(K): straight line through origin | Doubling T → doubles P |
| Avogadro's | V and n | T, P | V/n = k or /n_{1} = /n_{2} | V vs n: straight line through origin | Doubling n → doubles V |
| Combined | P, V, T | n | / = / | — | All three change together |
| Ideal Gas | All | None | PV = nRT | — | Most general form |
Critical notes for NEET:
- Temperature is ALWAYS in Kelvin (K = °C + 273)
- R = 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) when P in atm, V in litres
- R = 8.314 J/(mol·K) when P in Pa, V in
- Combined gas law holds at constant n only