Part of OC-10 — Practical Organic Chemistry

Comparison of Aldehyde Tests

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TestReagentResultDetectsDoes NOT detect
Tollens'Ammoniacal AgNO3Silver mirrorAll aldehydesKetones
Fehling'sCu2+ tartrate/NaOHBrick-red Cu2OAliphatic aldehydes, reducing sugarsAromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde), ketones
2,4-DNP2,4-DinitrophenylhydrazineOrange/yellow pptALL carbonyl (aldehyde + ketone)Non-carbonyl compounds
Schiff'sDecolorized fuchsinPink/magenta colorAldehydesKetones
IodoformI2/NaOHYellow CHI3 crystalsMethyl ketones (CH3CO-R), CH3CHO, ethanolNon-methyl ketones, other aldehydes

Key distinction for NEET: 2,4-DNP cannot distinguish aldehyde from ketone. Tollens' distinguishes aldehyde from ketone. Fehling's distinguishes aliphatic aldehyde from aromatic aldehyde.

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