Part of OC-01 — General Organic Chemistry Fundamentals

Comparison Note: Functional Groups Comparison Table

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Functional GroupNameIUPAC SuffixIUPAC PrefixSMILES ExampleElectronic EffectHybridization of Key Atom
-OHHydroxyl-olhydroxy-CCO (ethanol)-I, +MO: sp3
-CHOAldehyde-aloxo-/formyl-CC=O (ethanal)-I, -MC(CHO): sp2
>C=OKetone-oneoxo-CC(=O)C (propanone)-I, -MC(C=O): sp2
-COOHCarboxyl-oic acidcarboxy-CC(=O)O (ethanoic acid)-I, -M (strongest)C(COOH): sp2
-NH2Amino-amineamino-CN (methylamine)-I, +MN: sp3
-NO2Nitronitro-C[N+](=O)[O-]-I, -MN: sp2
-X (Cl, Br, F)Halidehalo-CCl (chloromethane)-I, +M(weak in aromatic)X: varies
-CNNitrile-nitrilecyano-CC#N (ethanenitrile)-I, -MC(CN): sp
-OREtheralkoxy-COC (dimethyl ether)-I, +MO: sp3

NEET Priority: Know -I vs -M vs +M vs +I for each group. The dual character of -OH, -NH2, and halogens (+M but -I) is a perennial NEET trap.

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