(1) Symmetry first: Before computing, check for cancellation by symmetry. In symmetric charge arrangements, perpendicular components often cancel. (2) Choose the right method: For point charges, use Coulomb + superposition. For symmetric continuous distributions, use Gauss's law. For asymmetric distributions, integrate. (3) Sign convention: Keep track of vector directions. Draw a clear diagram. (4) Dipole approximation: For r >> a, use the dipole formulas — don't expand binomials unnecessarily. (5) Flux shortcuts: If a charge is at the center of a symmetric surface, divide total flux by the number of symmetric parts. (6) Dimensional analysis: Check your answer's dimensions. If asked for force, result must have [M L T^(-2)]. (7) Limiting cases: Verify: does E -> 0 as r -> infinity? Does the inside-sphere formula match the outside formula at r = R?