Part of ALG-07 — Permutations & Combinations

Circular Permutations

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For n distinct objects in a circle: (n-1)! arrangements. This is because one object is fixed to eliminate rotational duplicates. For a necklace or garland (where flipping = same arrangement): (n-1)!/2. JEE trap: if the problem says "around a round table" with one specific seat (like a host's chair), it becomes linear permutation n! since the reference point is fixed.

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