Part of INC-01 — Classification of Elements & Periodicity

Cheat Sheet — INC-01 Quick Reference (Pinned)

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1. Modern Periodic Law

Properties of elementsf(atomic number)— Moseley, 1913\boxed{\text{Properties of elements} \propto f(\text{atomic number}) \quad \text{— Moseley, 1913}}

2. Block Classification

BlockGroupsConfiguration
s1, 2ns12ns^{1-2}
p13–18$$ns^2,$np^{1-6}$$$
d3–12$$(n-1)d110d^{1-10},$ns^{0-2}$$$
fLa/Ac series$$(n-2)$f^{1-14}$$$

3. Periodic Trends (Across Period → ; Down Group ↓)

Property→ Period↓ Group
Atomic radius
IE↑ (mostly)
EGEMore −veLess −ve
EN

4. THE THREE CRITICAL EXCEPTIONS (Most Tested)

IE(Be)=899>IE(B)=800(filled 2s2 vs 2p1)\boxed{IE(\text{Be}) = 899 > IE(\text{B}) = 800 \quad \text{(filled 2s}^2 \text{ vs 2p}^1\text{)}}

IE(N)=1402>IE(O)=1314(half-filled 2p3 stability)\boxed{IE(\text{N}) = 1402 > IE(\text{O}) = 1314 \quad \text{(half-filled 2p}^3 \text{ stability)}}

EGE(Cl)=349<EGE(F)=328(F 2p repulsion)\boxed{EGE(\text{Cl}) = -349 < EGE(\text{F}) = -328 \quad \text{(F 2p repulsion)}}

(Note: more negative = Cl wins the EGE competition)

5. Isoelectronic 10-Electron Series

N3 (146)>O2 (140)>F (133)>Na+ (98)>Mg2+ (66)>Al3+ (51) pm\text{N}^{3-}\ (146) > \text{O}^{2-}\ (140) > \text{F}^-\ (133) > \text{Na}^+\ (98) > \text{Mg}^{2+}\ (66) > \text{Al}^{3+}\ (51)\ \text{pm}

More protons on same 10 electrons = smaller radius

6. Diagonal Relationships

PairShared Behavior
Li–MgNormal oxides; carbonates decompose on heat; weak base hydroxides
Be–AlAmphoteric oxides; covalent chlorides; dissolve in NaOH; max covalency = 4
B–SiAcidic oxides; covalent hydrides; chlorides hydrolyzed by water

7. Key Values at a Glance

FactValue
EN of F4.0 (Pauling) — highest
EGE of Cl−349 kJ/mol — most negative among halogens
IE1IE_{1} of N1402 kJ/mol
IE1IE_{1} of Be899 kJ/mol
Noble gas EGEPositive (energy input needed)

8. Mnemonics (Quick Recall)

  • Isoelectronic order: "No One Finds Naughty Magicians Alive" → N3N^{3-} > O2O^{2-} > FF^{-} > Na+Na^{+} > Mg2+Mg^{2+} > Al3+Al^{3+}
  • IE exceptions: "BeNd Before Nothing Overflows" → Be > B; N > O
  • EGE anomaly: "Chlorine Catches; Fluorine Frustrated" → Cl > F in EGE
  • Blocks: "Students Pass Difficult Finals" → s, p, d, f

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