BIO-01 NEET 2026 — 5-Minute Final Cheat Sheet

DISEASE TABLE (non-negotiable memorization)

• Typhoid = Salmonella typhi | Widal test | contaminated food/water
• Pneumonia = S. pneumoniae + H. influenzae | X-ray | droplets
• Common cold = Rhinovirus | clinical | droplets
• AIDS = HIV (retrovirus) | ELISA → Western blot | sexual, blood, needles, MTCT
• Malaria = Plasmodium $\frac{vivax}{falciparum}$ | blood smear | female Anopheles
• Amoebiasis = Entamoeba histolytica | stool microscopy | contaminated food/water
• Ascariasis = Ascaris lumbricoides | stool exam | contaminated soil/food
• Filariasis = Wuchereria bancrofti | night blood smear | Culex mosquito

ABSOLUTE RULES (zero tolerance for errors)

1. Culex → filariasis; Anopheles → malaria; Aedes → dengue ← NEVER MIX
2. IgG → placenta; IgA → colostrum ← NEVER MIX
3. Active immunity → memory cells; Passive → NO memory cells
4. HIV → CD4+ T-helper cells ← NOT CD8+, NOT B-cells
5. Malaria definitive host = mosquito (sexual reproduction); human = intermediate
6. Heroin = CNS depressant; Cocaine = CNS stimulant ← opposite effects
7. Benign = localized; Malignant = metastasis

DRUG SOURCES

• Heroin ← Papaver somniferum (opium poppy)
• Cocaine ← Erythroxylum coca (coca plant)
• Cannabinoids ← Cannabis sativa (hemp)

IMMUNOGLOBULINS

• IgG: most abundant serum Ig; crosses placenta; secondary response
• IgM: first produced; pentamer; primary response indicator
• IgA: secretory; colostrum, saliva, tears; mucosal immunity
• IgE: allergy; mast cells + histamine; LEAST abundant serum Ig
• IgD: B-cell surface receptor; regulatory

CANCER ESSENTIALS

• Oncogenes (activated proto-oncogenes) → PROMOTE division (ras, myc)
• Tumor suppressors (p53, Rb) → INHIBIT division → LOST in cancer
• Benign = encapsulated, localized, non-metastatic
• Malignant = invasive, metastatic (blood + lymph), life-threatening
• Treatment: Surgery + Radiation + Chemotherapy + Immunotherapy

INNATE IMMUNITY BARRIERS (PPCC)

• Physical (skin, mucosa) → Physiological (acid, lysozyme) → Cellular (NK, macrophages, neutrophils) → Cytokine (interferons)

MALARIA FEVER CYCLES

• P. vivax = benign tertian = 48h cycle
• P. falciparum = malignant tertian = 48h cycle (more severe!)
• P. malariae = quartan = 72h cycle