Carbohydrate Classification — Cornell Note with Visual — Notes

Cue Column | Notes Column

What is the empirical formula of carbohydrates? | ( $CH_{2}O$ )n — carbon:hydrogen:oxygen = 1:2:1

What are the three classes of carbohydrates? | Monosaccharides (monomers), Disaccharides (2 monomers), Polysaccharides (many monomers)

Name two hexoses and two pentoses. | Hexoses: Glucose ( $C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$ ), Fructose ( $C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$ ). Pentoses: Ribose (RNA), Deoxyribose (DNA)

Name the three major disaccharides. | Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose. Lactose = Galactose + Glucose. Maltose = Glucose + Glucose

What bond links monosaccharides? | Glycosidic bond (formed by dehydration synthesis)

Alpha vs Beta glycosidic bonds? | Alpha = storage (starch, glycogen). Beta = structural (cellulose, chitin). Mnemonic: "Alpha stores, Beta supports"

Polysaccharide examples? | Storage: Starch (plants), Glycogen (animals). Structural: Cellulose (plants), Chitin (fungi, arthropods)

$Glucose (C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}) — structural formula of a monosaccharide$

Summary Box

Carbohydrates = ( $CH_{2}O$ )n. Three classes by complexity. Key rule: Alpha-glycosidic = digestible storage; Beta-glycosidic = indigestible structural. All disaccharides are formed by glycosidic bonds via dehydration synthesis.

NEET Trap Alert

Glycogen is the ANIMAL storage polysaccharide (not starch). Chitin is NOT found in plant cell walls (that is cellulose). Sucrose is NOT a reducing sugar.