Bomb calorimeter: constant volume, measures delta_U (= qv). q = C_cal * delta_T, where C_cal = heat capacity of calorimeter. Convert to delta_H using delta_H = delta_U + delta_ngas*RT. Coffee-cup calorimeter: constant pressure, measures delta_H (= qp) directly. q = m * c * delta_T, where m = mass of solution, c = specific heat (4.184 J/g.K for water). For neutralisation: q = total mass * 4.184 * delta_T. delta_H = -q/moles (negative if temperature rises, indicating exothermic).