Part of JPC-05 — Solutions: Raoult's Law & Colligative Properties

Boiling Point Elevation

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deltaTbdelta_{Tb} = i * Kb * m. Kb = molal elevation constant = R*Tb2Tb^2*\frac{M_solvent}{1000*delta_H_vap}. For water: Kb = 0.512 K.kg/mol, Tb = 373 K. Physical explanation: adding non-volatile solute lowers vapour pressure, so a higher temperature is needed to make vapour pressure equal atmospheric pressure. deltaTbdelta_{Tb} is always positive (boiling point rises). Key: Kb depends only on the solvent, not the solute. Solvents with high Kb: camphor (Kb = 5.95), acetic acid (3.07), benzene (2.53). Higher Kb means greater sensitivity for molar mass determination. For molar mass: M = (i * Kb * wsolutew_{solute} * 1000) / (deltaTbdelta_{Tb} * wsolventw_{solvent}). If i is unknown, the "apparent" molar mass differs from true molar mass.

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