Step-by-Step Reasoning: Which ART for Which Condition?

Step 1: Is male infertility the primary problem?

• If YES + severe $\frac{very low}{no sperm}$: → ICSI (single sperm injected into oocyte)
• If YES + mild (low sperm count, can process): → AI/IUI (processed semen to uterus)
• If NO: proceed to Step 2

Step 2: Are the fallopian tubes functional (not blocked)?

• If YES (tubes intact): → can use ZIFT or GIFT → proceed to Step 3
• If NO (tubes blocked): → must bypass tubes → IVF-ET (embryo directly to uterus)

Step 3: When tubes are intact, should fertilization occur in vitro or in vivo?

• If prefer natural (in vivo) fertilization → GIFT (unfertilized gametes to fallopian tube)
• If want in vitro fertilization but early transfer to tube → ZIFT (zygote to fallopian tube up to 8-cell stage)

Step 4: Special cases

• Donor egg needed + no tubes: → IVF-ET with donor oocyte
• Donor egg + intact tubes + natural fertilization preferred: → GIFT with donor oocyte

Decision Flowchart

NEET Application

This reasoning chain allows answering clinical scenario ART questions even when the exact technique name is not directly stated. NEET increasingly uses case-based formats where students must identify the appropriate ART from clinical parameters.