| ART | Assisted Reproductive Technologies — medical procedures helping infertile couples conceive |
| Amniocentesis | Withdrawal of amniotic fluid to analyze fetal chromosomes; banned for sex determination (PCPNDT 1994) |
| Artificial Insemination (AI) | Introduction of processed semen into the uterus/cervix to achieve fertilization |
| Centchroman | Non-steroidal active ingredient in Saheli; SERM that blocks estrogen receptors |
| Coitus interruptus | Withdrawal of penis before ejaculation; a natural contraceptive method |
| Cu-T | Copper-T IUD; releases Cu2+ ions (spermicidal); non-hormonal; high effectiveness |
| GIFT | Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer; unfertilized gametes transferred to fallopian tube; in vivo fertilization |
| ICSI | Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection; single sperm injected into oocyte; used for severe male infertility |
| IUI | Intrauterine Insemination; same as AI; processed semen placed in uterus |
| IVF-ET | In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer; fertilization in lab, embryo to uterus |
| Lactational Amenorrhea (LAM) | Natural contraception via breastfeeding; effective up to 6 months if exclusive |
| Levonorgestrel | Synthetic progestogen in LNG-20 IUD and some OC pills; thickens cervical mucus |
| LNG-20 | Hormone-releasing IUD releasing levonorgestrel; thickens cervical mucus; inhibits implantation |
| MTP | Medical Termination of Pregnancy; legal up to 20 weeks (24 weeks for special categories, 2021) |
| PCPNDT Act | Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act (1994); bans prenatal sex determination |
| Retrovirus | Virus using reverse transcriptase to convert RNA genome to DNA; HIV is the NEET retrovirus |
| Rhythm method | Natural contraception avoiding intercourse during fertile window (days 10–17) |
| Saheli | Non-steroidal oral contraceptive; centchroman; CDRI Lucknow; once weekly |
| SERM | Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator; centchroman (Saheli) is a SERM |
| Spirochete | Spiral-shaped bacterium; Treponema pallidum (syphilis) is a spirochete |
| STD / STI | Sexually Transmitted Disease / Infection; spread by sexual contact |
| Tubectomy | Female surgical contraception; fallopian tubes cut and tied; essentially permanent |
| Vasectomy | Male surgical contraception; vas deferens cut and tied; essentially permanent |
| ZIFT | Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer; fertilized zygote (up to 8-cell stage) transferred to fallopian tube |