Complete Dicot vs. Monocot Anatomy
| Feature | Dicot Root | Monocot Root | Dicot Stem | Monocot Stem | Dicot Leaf | Monocot Leaf |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xylem bundles | 2-4 (diarch-tetrarch) | Polyarch (>6) | In a ring | Scattered | — | — |
| Cambium | Present | Absent | Present (open VB) | Absent (closed VB) | — | — |
| Pith | Small/Absent | Large | Present | Not distinct | — | — |
| VB arrangement | Radial | Radial | Conjoint, open, ring | Conjoint, closed, scattered | — | — |
| Secondary growth | Yes | No | Yes | No | — | — |
| Mesophyll | — | — | — | — | Differentiated (palisade+spongy) | Undifferentiated |
| Leaf type | — | — | — | — | Dorsiventral | Isobilateral |
| Bulliform cells | — | — | — | — | Absent | Present |
| Stomata position | — | — | — | — | Mostly lower surface | Both surfaces equally |
| Medullary rays | — | — | Present | Absent | — | — |